![]() Also, the experimental and theoretical techniques used for determining ΔHvap values of salt solutions were reviewed for the operation conditions and their accuracies compared to the literature data. Based on the analysis of derivation and ΔHvap values comparison, it is demonstrated that the original balance equation has high accuracy and precision, within 2% over 19–55 ☌ using improved systems. In this paper, the originally derived energy balance was reviewed on the basis of its physics in the BCE process and compared with new proposed energy balance equations in terms of obtained the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap) values of salt solutions from BCE experiments. More importantly, it opened a new field for the thermodynamics study in the form of heat and vapor transfer in the bubbles. The energy balance and utilization involved in each BCE process form the fundamental theory of these applications. ![]() ![]() The heat supplied from warm/hot dry bubbles is to vaporize the water in various salt solutions until the solution temperature reaches steady state, which was derived into the energy balance of the BCE. Bubble column evaporator (BCE) systems have been studied and developed for many applications, such as thermal desalination, sterilization, evaporative cooling and controlled precipitation. ![]()
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